我们先来了解trigger warning的含义。
某种程度上,trigger warning ['trɪɡər 'wɔrnɪŋ]就是英文版的“高能预警”,来看剑桥释义:
a statement at the beginning of a piece of writing, before the start of a film, etc., warning people that they may find the content very upsetting, especially if they have experienced something similar.
放在文章、影片等前面的声明,警告人们接下来的内容可能会引起不适,特别是在当他们曾有过相似经历的情况下。
The teacher gave a trigger warning before showing us the rape scene in the movie.
在播放电影的强奸画面前,老师作出预警。
Trigger warning, this conversation is about some very dark and bitter part of our family history.
高能预警,下面的对话会涉及我们家族非常黑暗、辛酸的历史。
另外,作为名词,trigger也有心理学上的含义:
something that causes someone to feel upset and frightened because they are made to remember something bad that has happened in the past.
让某些人感到不安和害怕的东西,因为这勾起了他们对过去某些糟糕经历的回忆。
A trigger is something that sets off a flashback, transporting the person back to the traumatic event.
心理触发指那些引发闪回,让人回想到创伤事发现场的东西。
Trigger兼具突然性和诱发性,仿佛心里的一个开关,它的出现会一下子把人带回到造成心理阴影的那个场景中。
Trigger的种类有很多,可以是一种场景、画面,也可以是某种气味、触感、声音、疼痛、情绪或者一个人。
Some common triggers are: certain times of day, a particular odor, a particular sound, a particular texture, a sensation on the skin, physical pain, a person.
事实上,trigger warning的诞生就和虐待有关。据BBC报道,一个女权主义者网站最初使用了该词,用于记录女性遭受的暴力(violence against women)。
如今,Trigger warning已经运用在各个领域,如媒体报道和大学授课。
在心理健康领域,如涉及性虐待和精神疾病(mental illness)时,trigger warning使用率更高。它防止患者出现情绪不适,舒缓创伤后应激障碍(PTSD,post-traumatic stress disorder)。
但目前学界对于trigger warning是否有助于缓解不适情绪存疑,一种说法认为trigger warning是在鼓励逃避(encouraging a culture of avoidance),告诉人们不够强大去面对痛苦。
A bit like a spoiler alert, the phrase "trigger warning" is now often seen online but it has a more serious motive than stopping you from accidentally ruining the enjoyment of a TV show you've not seen yet.
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